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Identification |
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Name |
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Ellagic acid |
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Synonyms |
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2,3,7,8-tetrahydroxy(1)benzopyrano(5,4,3-cde)(1)benzopyran-5,10-dione; 4,4',5,5',6,6'-Hexahydroxydiphenic acid 2,6,2',6'-dilactone |
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Chinese Names |
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Molecular Structure |
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Molecular Formula |
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C14H6O8 |
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Molecular Weight |
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302.20 |
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CAS Registry Number |
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476-66-4 |
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EINECS |
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207-508-3 |
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Properties |
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Density |
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1.667 |
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Melting point |
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>360°C |
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Water solubility |
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<0.1 g/100 mL at 21°C |
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1. Specifications:
Item: Standard
Appearance: Brownish or greyest powder;
Ellagic acid content: not less than 90%;
Loss on drying: not more than 5%;
Ash content: not more than 4%;
Heavy metal (Pb): not more than 10 ppm;
Total bacterial count: not more than 1000 fu/g;
2. Usage
(1). Function of anti-cancer and anti-mutation
Ellagic acid has function of anti-cancer and anti-mutation. Ellagic acid and other ellagic tannin has inhibitory action on immune-deficiency virus, the reverse transcription enzyme of AMV and &cell DNA polymerase
(2). Ellagic acid has the function of antioxidation because it can chelate with metal and react with free radical. It prevents other substances from oxidating as a kind of oxidant. It has been used during the maturation of fruit wine and processing of food to prevent cooking oil, fat and methyl oleate, lard and bean oil from oxidating.
Description
Ellagic acid is a compound found in raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, walnuts, pecans, pomegranates, and other plant foods.
Overview
Research in cell cultures and lab animals has found that ellagic acid may slow the growth of some tumors caused by certain carcinogens. While this is promising, at this time there is no reliable evidence from human studies showing that ellagic acid in any form can prevent or treat cancer. Further research is needed to determine what benefits it may have.
How is it promoted for use?
Ellagic acid seems to have some anti-cancer properties. It can act as an antioxidant, and has been found to cause apoptosis (cell death) in cancer cells in the lab. There are also reports that it may help the liver to break down or remove some cancer-causing substances from the blood.
Some supporters have claimed these results mean that ellagic acid can prevent or treat cancer in humans. This has not been proven. Unfortunately, many substances showing promise against cancer in lab and animal studies have not been found to be useful in people.
Ellagic acid has also been said to reduce heart disease, birth defects, liver problems, and to promote wound healing. There are no results from human studies to support these claims at this time.
What does it involve?
The highest levels of ellagic acid are found in raspberries, strawberries, and pomegranates, especially when they are freeze-dried.
Extracts from red raspberry leaves or seeds, pomegranates, or other sources are said to contain high levels of ellagic acid, and are available as dietary supplements in capsule, powder, or liquid forms. The best dose of these preparations is not known. Because they are sold as dietary supplements (as opposed to drugs), companies that sell them do not have to prove they are effective, or even safe, as long as they don?t claim they can prevent, treat, or cure a specific disease.
What is the history behind it?
In recent years, researchers have begun focusing on phytochemicals, which are compounds produced by plants. There is a huge amount of folklore that surrounds phytochemicals, but scientific investigation into their effects is still in the early stages.
Ellagic acid was studied in the 1960s mainly for its effects on blood clotting. Early published research on ellagic acid and cancer first appeared in the 1970s and 1980s. With the publication of several small lab studies in the mid 1990s, ellagic acid began to be promoted on the Internet and elsewhere as a means of preventing and treating cancer.
What is the evidence?
Almost all studies conducted on ellagic acid to date have been done in cell cultures or lab animals.
Several studies in lab animals have found that ellagic acid can inhibit the growth of skin, esophagus, lung, and other tumors caused by carcinogens. Other studies have also found positive effects. A recent study in cell cultures found that ellagic acid may act against substances that allow tumors to form new blood vessels. Further studies are needed to determine if these results apply to humans.
In the only study reported thus far in humans, Italian researchers found that ellagic acid seemed to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy in men with advanced prostate cancer, although it did not help slow disease progression or improve survival. The researchers cautioned that more research would be needed to confirm these results.
The interaction between certain phytochemicals like ellagic acid and the other compounds in foods is not well understood, but it is unlikely that any single compound offers the best protection against cancer. A balanced diet that includes 5 or more servings a day of fruits and vegetables along with foods from a variety of other plant sources such as nuts, seeds, whole grain cereals, and beans is likely to be more effective in reducing cancer risk than eating one particular food, such as raspberries, in large amounts.
Are there any possible problems or complications?
Eating berries or other natural sources of ellagic acid is generally considered safe, but should be part of a balanced diet including several sources of fruits and vegetables each day.
Ellagic acid is available in supplement form, but it has not been tested for safety. Some reports indicate it may affect certain enzymes in the liver, which could alter levels of some drugs in the body. For this reason, people taking medicines or other dietary supplements should speak with their doctor before taking ellagic acid. The raspberry leaf, or preparations made from it, should be used with caution during pregnancy because they may initiate labor.
Relying on this type of treatment alone, and avoiding conventional medical care, may have serious health consequences.
This is Terminalia chebula extract enriched in ellagic acid. Terminalia chebula is, like Amla (Phyllantus emblica) a component of Trifala, an anti-age ingredient in Ayurvedic medicine. Ellagic acid, also present in pomegranate and raspberries, has some great properties, including antiviral and antibacterial. Ellagic acid helps our skin prevent the mutagenic action of some environmental pollutants. It also helps prevent the formation of sun spots by UV.
This is squeezed a thing by abundant Terminalia chebula in the Rou the flower sourly. The Terminalia chebula is like Amla(Phyllantus emblica) an ingredient of Trifala, is a kind of composition with aging anti- in the Ayurvedic medicine.The Rou flower is sour to also present in the pomegranate with reply a son, there are some very good properties and include virussafe of with anti-virus.The Rou spends sour help our skins to avoid some environment of pollute the material action that the material inducement organism mutates. It also helps the formation of sun location of avoiding the ultraviolet ray.
Ellagic Acid Values
Ellagic acid is a member of the family of phenolic compounds, which are known to influence the quality, acceptability and stability of foods by acting as flavorants, colorants, or antioxidants. It is a substance that appears to block various hormone reactions and metabolic pathways associated with the development of cancer. Ellagic acid is exceptionally high in raspberries and blackberries; the levels are approximately five to six times higher than those levels found in some other fruits.
The Buzz
If you pay any attention at all to the alternative-health information-grapevine, you’ve heard the buzz on ellagic acid. If you believe the rumors flying around the Internet, the cure for cancer is at hand!! This is the greatest discovery since sliced bread!! Well, like most rumors, there’s some truth to it…and a whole lot of nonsense.
The Truth
Two years ago, I wrote in the Barron Report on antioxidants about the value of including berries in your diet because of the benefits of the ellagic acid derived from them. This recommendation was based on work being done at the Hollings Cancer Institute by Dr. Daniel Nixon, who had been studying the benefits of red raspberries for some 6 years at that time. Since then, two things have changed dramatically.
- First, the study results are now becoming, for lack of a better word, remarkable .
- Second, it is now possible to get high quantities of ellagitannins without having to consume a cup of berries every day.
Dr. Nixon’s published results show:
- Consuming one cup of red raspberries per day (40 mg of ellagitannins) prevents the development of cancer cells. At low concentrations, it slows the growth of cancer cells; at higher concentrations, it tells cancer cells to kill themselves. For example, cells infected with the human papilloma virus (which is linked to cervical cancer), when exposed to ellagic acid experienced apoptosis, or normal cell death.
- Red raspberry ellagitannins slow the growth of abnormal colon cells in humans.
- Tests reveal similar results for breast, pancreas, esophageal, skin , and prostate cancer cells. The ellagitannins also produce a breakdown in human leukemiacells.
- Another way that ellagitannins protect your body is through G-Arrest. G-Arrest means that the ellagitannins stop cells from mutating in the first place. If cells don’t mutate, then we don’t get cancer. This is very important when you understand that that every single day of your life you produce anywhere from a few hundred to as many as 10,000 cancerous cells in your body as part of your normal metabolism. In tests conducted by the Hollings Cancer Institute with Ellagic Acid, G-Arrest began in 72 hours in both breast and cervical cancer.
- Red raspberry ellagitannins prevent destruction of the P53 gene by cancer cells. P53 prevents mutagenic activity in cervical cells.
- Red raspberry ellagitannins protect human cells against cancer-causing agents in tobacco smoke, food additives, and petroleum-based substances. Ellagitannins act as scavengers to “bind” cancer-causing chemicals, making them inactive. The ellagitannins inhibit the ability of other chemicals to cause mutations in bacteria. Red Raspberry ellagitannins also protect DNA by blocking carcinogens from binding to the DNA.
- European medical studies also demonstrate that red raspberry ellagitannins lower the incidence of birth defects, promote wound healing, reduce heart disease, and may reduce or reverse chemically induced liver fibrosis. In addition, the ellagic acid produced from the ellagitannins has anti-bacterial and anti-viral properties
Apoptosis
The problem with cancer cells is that when they divide, the original cell does not die.
The normal process of cell division, on the other hand, results in the replicating cell being “carried off” as trash just as if a bacterium had died. The body signals the dismantling of the old cell and the new cell takes over its processes. This is called apoptosis, or natural cell death.
Cancer cells, as mentioned above, are different. Cancer cells do not die; they rapidly multiply by cell division (mitosis), making 2 cancer cells, then 4, 8, 16, 32 and so on. What Dr. Nixon found is that in both lab and clinical studies, red raspberry ellagitannins caused cancer cells to go through a nontoxic, normal apoptosis process without damaging the healthy cells. This is a remarkable improvement over standard treatments.
Chemotherapy and radiation do the same thing – kill cancer cells, that is. But they have a devastating side effect that does not happen with the ellagitannins: they kill healthy cells too -- destroying the immune system in the process. More people probably die from the side effects of chemo and radiation than actually die from the original cancer.
This is why Dr. Nixon’s studies on ellagitannins are so exciting. Potentially, we’re talking about an all-natural cancer treatment/preventative that provides ALL of the benefits of chemo and radiation and NONE OF THE SIDEFFECTS. An all-natural supplement, if you will, that can literally be taken every single day to prevent most cancers from ever even forming in your body.
Anti-cancer, the anti- mutation activity is as follows
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Carcinogen |
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Effect |
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The research indicates the Rou spends sour to the typhoids sand door the surname germ development in the chemistry cause cancer to repress a function.
1.Relevant Rou flower the sour anti-cancer function has already entered a great deal of research, having more and clearly a few aspects as follows currently:
A. Repress the metabolism activity of the anti-cancer
B. Relieve the toxicity of the cancer
C. Carcinogen clearance
D. Occupy the position of[with] the DNA top possibility and carcinogen or carcinogen or its metabolism reaction
2.Repress the human body immunity drawback virus a function
The Rou spends a sour manifestation to the human body immunity drawback virus and become the Sui cell cell lump virus(AMV) to converse to record With α -and the β -cell DNA come togetherOf repress sex.Rou's spending a sour virussafe activity may be because it represses cell to adsorb HIV, to converse to record Of repress also probably such.There is small white rat to experiment enunciation, take orally the Rou flower sour can repress the HIV and effectivelyZhen virus.
3.Anti- oxygenation
The Rou flower is also sour and can be a kind of anti- oxidizing agent of outside source.It can keep edible oil, fat, oil from sour AN ester, ?The fat, soy-bean oil oxidizes, expressing with the vitamin E or the D Ji AN oxygen Ji benzene same or the better function.In the mammal, the Rou flower is sour to express with its derivatives a type within body, microsome fat compound to the line grain of is over the oxygenation good repress an activity.
Making use of the sour anti- of the Rou flower oxidize sex can repress the elephant silk Lie mildewed effectively vegetable, H2 O2 etc.s to the human body cell of damage, can repress various carcinogens as many the wreath Fang An formation of[with] etc., can be used for DNA?Spiral structure protection, so is been applied in a food, medical treatment, medicine realm extensively.
4.Increase a white function
Belong to polyphenol, get after spending the list was rather sour(Ellagitannin) through the water solved and turned purely from the Rou, can find in the strawberry, grape, green tea, add the benefit, walnut … etc. the plant, is a kind of"the free radicals scavenger".Can the strong effect resist a free radicals, conversing aging phenomenon, repressing melanin formation, the improvement skin color An to sink a problem effectively, downplaying a black spot, dye to precipitate, replying the primary color skin of pure white and bright, re-appear delicate and smooth perfect skin quality of water.The effect represses a sour activity of the Lao ammonia, keeping wheat from pulling rather born melanin, downplaying already born melanin, the long-term usage will make
The muscle skin long-last delicate white, rosy.Aim at the melanin formation to reach to resist, repress effectively, the function of[with] revivification, the strong effect resists a free radicals to converse aging.The Rou flower is sour to have good protect wet result, impose to unload in the makeup product have effect of harming the skin not, return and have fair and maintain of function.
The Rou flower is sour and its metals derivatives have already increased a white function to the skin, is aging to have the function, and anti- of[with] defer to oxidize, and have the thin spot function ability of[with] strong effect to the skin valid clearance old-age spot with insolate a spot, keep skin from being subjected to environment of injury, defer the skin decrepitude.It is applied in cosmetics extensively.
5.Other functions
The Rou flower is sour to have the Ning blood function, can shorten to bleed time, is a kind of valid Ning blood, separate blood plasma with it on the clinic.Besides, the Rou flower is sour to have already been applied the formation factor that finds by expecting the influence Ning piece or blood bolt in the blood research of the Ning blood factor.
The Rou spends sour all is to various germs, viruseses good repress a function.Can protect to don't need is invaded by the germ.Prevent an infection from, repress ulcer.
The Rou flower was sour to be used in the medical treatment at the earliest stage, stabilizing blood sugar and controling carbohydrate to synthesize in order to, it can mollify carcinogen of encroaching upon the cell, can also prevent the extension of the tumor be able to remove artificial and natural formation carcinogen of function, prevent them from changing normal cell cancer cell.The patient of the cancer is a nose Yan cancer, lung cancer, tonsil cancer, the larynx cancer particularly sufferer, the additional value is to prevent the melanin is born.
There is another the research detection, the Rou flower is sour to still have already declined to press, town quiet function.The Rou spends the sour ability and free radicals reaction, having an anti- to oxidize function.It is a kind of to oxidize the bottom thing is not oxidized by promising other materials.The Rou flower is sour to be used for cosmetics in is a kind of anti- oxidizing agent with source outside, can keep skin from oxidizing.It and the grape polyphenol etc. the antioxidant quality homology, there is the super and strong anti- free radicals function.